Writing to Learn 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing to Learn 2 - Assignment Example However, these recommendations vary. They are given in consideration of the function, dietary intake patterns, requirement levels, metabolism and toxicity. The recommended level of dietary energy intake for an individual is the mean energy requirement of well-nourished and healthy individual. The human energy requirement is estimated from measures of energy needs plus the additional energy expenditure. The main determinants of total energy expenditure include; gender, age and body weight (Tukuitonga et al., 44). Thus, energy requirements vary for each gender and various age groups, and are both expressed as energy per kilogram of body weight and energy units per day. Human beings need energy for; basal metabolism, metabolic response to food, physical activity, pregnancy, lactation and for growth. The energy requirements are used to predict the energy intake recommended levels for different individuals with similar characteristics but no exact measurements have been made. There is no implication on the exact amount of energy that must be consumed on a daily basis but there are averages of the amount of energy that an individual needs in a day, which depends on their age, gender, state of health and the work that one does in a day. The average daily energy requirement for an adult is 8,700 kilojoules (Tukuitonga et al.,49).The daily intake may be higher or lower than 8700 KJ depending on an individual’s energy needs. Macronutrients are the three main food components, which include proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The average recommended daily macronutrient levels for an adult are; 50 grams protein, 70grams fat and 310 grams carbohydrates. All these recommendations also vary depending on individual characteristics such as age, gender and health status. All these individual characteristics determine the individual needs of each person; therefore, there is no exact recommended amount for each specific individual. Any excessive intake or deficient intake of

The changes in britains empire from 1750 to 1900 Essay Example for Free

The changes in britains empire from 1750 to 1900 Essay And were they all for the better?There were many changes during 1750 to 1900, the majority of which were industrial and economic and not always for the better of then or the better of now. In this essay I will list two changes that I thought significant then I will list the negative short term effects, the negative long term effects, the positive short term effects and the positive long term effects. At the end of each change I will decide whether it was an overall positive or negative change. My first change will be the development of factories as it led to nearly every other significant change from 1750 to 1900, and the cause of this particular change was one Richard Arkwright who is thought to have started the first proper factory; the Cromford mill in 1771 (ref 1)As previous factories had only been gatherings of workers (this had largely been for the textiles industry), and Arkwrights factory was built specifically for housing machinery, as the spinning frame was too large and fast for human hands, Arkwright did first of all try having it powered by horses but then he thought about using water and so invented the water frame, and with it the first factory. Now even though Arkwright upheld a few rules of decency, his successors did not. The future factory owners exploited workers shamelessly while Arkwright would give housing for all the family, a weeks holiday a year and would not allow any one under 6 to work in his factories. This is one of the short term negative impacts of the development of factories as it led to the exploitation of workers. Another short term negative effect is that coal was needed to power the new machines which first led to worse conditions in the mines and second added largely to global warming, which is also a long term negative consequence. Another long term negative outcome is that it gave some of the workers long term genetic diseases that have been passed from then to now and still affect some people with respiratory diseases. A long term positive result though is that it brought industry to maximum progress and allowed us to live in the leisure we do to day and another long term advantage is that they brought families in from the native country to live together and that developed the growth of various host cities. This is a negative short term effect as the living conditions of the migrants were appalling, but that wasnt directly because of the migrants, if the cities had made better arrangements for their migrant workers, the living conditions would have been much better, so that might not count as a short term negative. One of the positive short term effects is also the migration of people to cities as it established social relationships and made the country stronger and another positive short term effect were the skills of trade people learned in the various factories. In conclusion, from my point of view, this change was for the better, but this is my opinion and it could well be different if I was one of the factory workers who probably would have thought this was the way people were going to live for the rest of time. So this change was better for us as of now but not better for them as of then. Overall it was a good change. My second topic is on the colonisation of various countries by Britain. The first proper British colony was Ireland in the Norman period (ref 2) but that goes before 1750 so Ill focus on the 18th century colonies of Britain. The 18th century for Britain was full of change; as America had just officially declared their independence on July the second, 1776 after the American Revolution (1763-1776), and so the British Empire turned its attention to the East, India, China and later Africa. It also helped that in India the Mughal power was declining, as Britain was no match in that region against the previously mighty Mughal Empire (ref 3) The empire had granted trading rights to Britain in the 16th century. This brought most of the East under British rule and gave Britain access to  Indias spices and textile industry from which it profited handsomely, until the accession of William of Orange in 1689 bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the Indonesian Archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by seventeen twenty, in terms of sales, the English company had overtaken the Dutch (ref 4). The English East India Company shifted its focus from Surat-a hub of the spice trade network-to Fort St George (later to become Madras), Bombay (ceded by the Portuguese to Charles II of England in 1661 as dowry for Catherine de Braganza) and Sutanuti (which would merge with two other villages to form Calcutta). This was a big change for the world as it imparted Britains mark on more than a quarter of the world (it was said that in the peak of its power the sun was always shining on the British empire, as the spread of the British colonies was so vast that it circled the entire globe) and it left many benefits as well as manydrawbacks. Here are a few; one of the short term consequences were the amount of lives lost in obtaining colonies and more often than not, colonies were obtained by war and an obvious direct consequence of that is loss of lives, as part and parcel of a armed conflict when countries were taken over the native civilians were treated as lower species and second class citizens. Britain started throwing people out of their own homes and taking over them and giving them to British aristocrats as slaves. This was all done because the natives were of a different skin colour and being dominated. These are two short term negative outcomes and also a long term negative affect as this was racism and it became almost fashionable to be racist at that time. A long term negative effect would be that when as aftermaths of world war two (which in itself was a result of Britains large empire as Germany wanted to compete with Britain to be a large empire itself and so tried to take over Europe) Britain was left virtually bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the  negotiation of a $3.5 billion loan from the United States,(ref 5), the last installment of which was repaid in 2006,(ref 6) and so had to withdraw from its various colonies and many countries fell into turmoil and without Britain to administer order the turmoil led to pillaging and many previously famous and rich countries hit rock bottom like Sierra Leone. Also some countries for a short time suffered radical changes and deaths like the separation of India into India, Pakistan, Bhutan and Nepal (later these split up into Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) but during that change there erupted massive religious battles between Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus as the country was being split. These were two long term negatives impacts. Two long term positives outcomes would be that it established English as a common language between most of the world and brought the world together while it was breaking geographical boundaries so there was less friction between cultures for the later years of human history in 20th century. A short term positive result would be that England brought the rest of the world up to speed with technology and armed them with powerful faster guns and showed the rest of the world the steam train and suddenly people could travel everywhere a lot faster. Over all I think that the colonisations of other countries was excellent move and the turmoil countries were left in afterward was not Britains fault as Germany made the first move and they had to be subdued, the war was unavoidable and for every progress there has to be a little sacrifice also the racism was one bad factor against many good ones so I think it was worth it. In conclusion from then two changes Ive chosen it seems the changes were for the better but for now rather than then. It seems that changes are balanced out they have sacrifices first but in the end it pays of and if I think of the other changes that Ive not mentioned it seems to be the same case. I think this is my view because Im reaping the benefits of what people worked hard to sow long ago, and the drawbacks that seem too much could not have been helped as they were unpredictable factors. But I might not have been so bearing if Id have lived then myself. Its all down to what situation you live inSo over all yes I believe that the changes were for the better. bibliography: wikipedia: factories history western world .para twoNicholas, Canny (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford History of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 7Anthony, Pagden (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford History of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 93. Niall, Ferguson (2004). Empire. Penguin, pg 19Louis, Roger (1999). The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. IV, the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, pg 331BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | whats a little debt between friends?

Killing Kids Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Killing Kids M is nine years old(1). At this young age she has already beaten and tortured a 4 year old girl to death. She presents with absolutely no remorse about the incident. Any regret that she does exhibit is due to the fact that she understands that she is expected to feel apologetic about the incident, not because she intuitively feels remorse. D is ten years old (1). He has already killed a four year old girl because she "was annoying" him. He slapped her so hard that she fell to the ground and consequently died. While in the hospital, he was observed holding another patient's head under the water even after he was told not to do so. S is 10 years old and refuses to go to school. Instead, he runs across the street to play video games with his friend. When he is not over at his friend's house he sets fires for "fun". In addition, he often asked to carry drugs for his father with whom he has intermittent contact. He has been arrested for shop lifting from a local grocery(1). Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris walked into school on April 21, 1999 and killed 23 other people before finally taking their own lives(2). All of these people exhibit symptoms of conduct disorder. Conduct disorder is an inability to follow rules and behave in a socially acceptable way. People with this disorder exhibit aggression towards people and animals, are destructive towards property, are deceitful and seriously violate rules set by authority figures(3). Moreover, there are usually problems in the home such as divorce, poverty, child abuse, neglect, or parents that carry their own psychiatric diagnoses. In addition, patients with the disorder often carry other diagnoses such as oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety, attentio... ...sorder , Part of the University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry, & Public Policy website. http://www.ilppp.virginia.edu/juv/ConDis.html. 8) Counseling Children with Conduct Disorder , Part of the Counseling Today website. http://www.conseling.org/ctolin/achives/conduct.html. 9) A Double-Blind Study of Risperidone in the Treatment of Conduct Disorder, Published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and found on the Find articles.com website. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m2250/4_39/61909235/promt.jhtml 10) How Youngest Killers Differ: Peer Support, On the New York Times website. http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/040900rampage-youth.html. 11) The Threaten, Seethe and Unhinge, Then Kill in Quantity , On the New York Times website. http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/040900rampage-killers.html.

Marketing Project Essay

Q: Conduct a household or market survey and report on the buying motive of consumers as regards price and quality, consumers being classified by age, sex and income given certain selected products. * Choose any five consumer durable products/services of high demand. (i.e., products with life span greater than 3 years.) FORMAT: * Main page (Name, Class, Year, Marketing Project) * Title (question) * Table of Contents * Explain buying motive and its types. * Introduction and information about each of the products chosen (only consumer durable objects; types are – medium expensive and very expensive). * Target group of customers for each product in brief. (Age; sex; income group etc.) * Must: Mention gender and age if product is bought a certain gender or age group only, along with reasoning for the same. * Form questionnaires with (10-15 questions) and do a survey with 10 customers. Make sure that the questions can be answered in sentences or provide statements with options. DO NOT use Yes/No questions. * Eg: What is the primary reason for which you buy this product? What other benefits do you derive from the product? Is the product convenient to use? Is the product safe? Is the product worth the value paid for realization? * Following the questionnaires, make a report for each and every product separately explaining the buying motive and reasons they buy it for. (1 page per product.) * Draw conclusions from the results of your questionnaires, graphs, reports, etc. * Depict graph (depending on any 5 criteria you have mentioned in your questionnaire in a bar diagram) for the number of consumers surveyed. * Add pictures and symbols throughout your presentation to add colour and life. * The project can be made using either MS PowerPoint or MS Word. Format of a Questionnaire: QUESTIONNAIRE TITLE ( Eg: Survey conducted to estimate buying motive of a product) (This survey is conducted by students of OOEHS for a marketing project. Kindly fill in the required details) Name: Location: (Start with your own questions.)

Harrah’s Entertainment Essay

1. BACKGROUND 2. UPDATING 3. PEOPLE INVOLVED 3.1 Philip Satre: Philip G. Satre, Private investor since 2005. Mr. Satre was Chief Executive Officer of Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc., a provider of branded casino entertainment, from 1994 to 2003 and a director of Harrah’s from 1988 to  2005, serving as Chairman of the Board from 1997 to 2005. Mr. Satre has held various other positions of increasing responsibility with Harrah’s since 1980, when he joined the company as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, until his retirement in 2005. Prior to joining Harrah’s, Mr. Satre practiced law in Reno, Nevada. He has been a director of International Game Technology since January 2009 and its Chairman since December 2009, and a director of NV Energy, Inc. since 2005 and its Chairman since 2008. Mr. Satre served as a director of Rite Aid Corporation from 2005 to 2011 and Tabcorp Holdings, Ltd. (Australia) from 2000 to 2007. Phil as CEO of the company is in accordance with the strategies Harrah ´s adopted to give its customers a better service and thus to ensure and increase their loyalty, the first is the independence that the company, ie, does not depend on shops, restaurants, bars and high income has come from their own casinos and second concerns the relationship of the company with his frequent customers because this leads to an increase compared to the benefits that would bring to the company On the other hand Phil chose to invest in the and development intellectuals and technological capabilities that are needed to collect and analyze data on customers. 3.2 Gary Loveman : Gary Loveman has served as a member of Coachs Board of Directors since January 2002. Mr. Loveman is the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Caesars Entertainment Corporation (f/k/a Harrahs Entertainment, Inc.), a casino entertainment company; he has held the position of President since April 2001, Chief Executive since January 2003, and Chairman since January 2005. He held various other executive positions at Caesars Entertainment Corporation from May 1998 to April 2001. From 1989 to 1998, Mr. Loveman was Associate Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, where his responsibilities included teaching M.B.A. and executive education students, research and publishing in the field of service management, and consulting  and advising large service companies. Mr. Loveman serves as a Director of Caesars Entertainment Corporation and FedEx Corporation, and is a member of the Board of Trustees at Childrens Hospital Boston. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Wesleyan University and a Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Loveman served as Harrah’s Entertainment’s chief operating officer from 1998 until 2003. Under Loveman’s leadership Harrah’s began to focus on building loyalty and bringing more gamblers to the casino. Loveman also established a rewards program for Harrah’s employees of all levels, based on customer satisfaction. 3.3 Marilyn Winn Marilyn Winn is the President of Wynn Las Vegas, LLC, owner and operator of Wynn Las Vegas and Encore Las Vegas where she oversees the day-to-day operations of the properties. Mrs. Spiegel served in executive positions at Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc., including Senior Vice President and General Manager of Harrah’s Las Vegas and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino, Senior Vice President of Human Resources, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Harrah’s Shreveport Hotel & Casino in Louisiana and Vice President of Human Resources for the company’s Southern Nevada operations. Mrs. Spiegel began working for Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc. in 1988. Mrs. Spiegel is a member of the Las Vegas Visitors and Convention Bureau board of directors. Marilyn lives and breathes Harrah ´s CRM culture, she says â€Å" My job is to make money for Harrah ´s entertainment by creating a great climate for customers and employees†. 4. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED 5. MAIN PROBLEM According to that seen in the case, Harrah’s is a company that provides entertainment and accommodation in resorts located in the United States. It  is one of the largest companies that offer entertainment and luxurious accommodations. As we saw in the case, the company is very concerned about the management of client relationships and gathering information through customer service, they generate what they call â€Å"customer insights † which used to contribute to the experience customer on site and the service provided . But there is a problem in all this is that according to the text, are based on surveys of their best customers, those who spend more money on their facilities. This makes the experiences and new trends in customer service are made based only on the opinions that make customers more money. And behold, when the service is bad for customers who rarely attend the place, because they give preference to senior clients and there is no equal treatment to the client. According to a page (www.tripadvisor.com.uk), a website known for the various reviews that users have to say about hotels and tourism, found that Harrah’s has a considerable level of critical customer service as you can see below: Here we can see that there is a high level when the bad reviews, well then we can see that the majority is in customer service: So this is where we see the different views of users as follows: â€Å"Overpriced NO WIFI Dirty Glass in Room – Go Elsewhere!† In conclusion, we can see that the company has flaws in the customer service industry only focuses on improving customer experiences which have more money, but relates to neglect or treat with new clients of the company and this is where most of the complaints are .The company has to conduct a study and improve treatment for all the public, since the treatment for a person with so much money as a new customer who wants to know the hotel has to be the same way because the company cannot stay focused on a group of public, the company must open the focus group to be able to grow so large scale. 6. STRATEGY (SOLUTION) ANALYSIS QUESTIONS   To what extent is Harrah’s in danger of a competitor copying its system? The risk is very high because the world of market competition is always present and always we see companies that want to copy the system of Harrah’s, Harrah’s system is so good that is under scrutiny of other companies, if any competitor is filtered and copy the Harrah’s system could be a serious situation because the competitor could take Harrah customers, it is very easy for a company to be filtered so Harra must make a supervise to ensure that the information is not given to competitors for this they must train employees instilling values ​​of honesty and gives them ​​a friendly and pleasant working environment.

Presidential Elections and Allegory of the Cave essays

Presidential Elections and Allegory of the Cave essays In Plato's "Allegory of the Cave," prisoners waste their entire lives chained in an underground cavern, nurtured into deeming that shadows' wavering in front of them is a reality. Socrates presents the allegory of the hardship of grasping reality. One prisoner manages to break off the chains to escape from the cave, only to realize that shadows he had been observing his entire life are in fact, not reality. According to Socrates, this realization is not an immediate acknowledgment by the prisoner, because he states, "He will be unable to see them [reality], at least at first" (516). Furthermore, according to Socrates people trust their senses too much and believe the world [politics] as it is to our site. As modern-day presidential (marionette) candidates are manipulated by their parties, which are manipulated by lobbyists and firms at large with billion of green fuel and imprisoned citizens are nurtured into believing campaigning propagandas are a reality. The media, social networking, various organizations are vehicles to gathering and publishing popular topics for the candidates. For instance, 2012 presidential elections' topics: drug legalizations, economy, and healthcare are topics that majority would bet money that they know all that there is to know. According to Allegory of the Cave, in reality, we only know what is in our display and what we have been exposed to our entire lives in this society. There is a wall, beyond which we cannot intervene, nor do we have the right to observe the authenticity. There is no doubt that social media influences the outcome of the elections. Especially, because many young adults tend to obtain news and information through social media, due to its easy and fast access. All politicians use the social media fountain to post and tweet their absurd observations for help on strategies that grasp young adults, for campaigning means. In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the freed prisoner realizes ...

An Essay on Rising Sun and Song by John Donne †Literature

An Essay on Rising Sun and Song by John Donne – Literature Free Online Research Papers An Essay on Rising Sun and Song by John Donne Literature Recently in our English classes we have been looking at two poems by the London born poet John Donne. The son of a wealthy iron monger, john was born in 1572 but died at a fairly young age after contracting the lung disease tuberculosis. He was an incredibly famous poet, especially in the English literature circle as he mostly did love poems or religious poems towards the end of his career. In my coursework I will be looking at two of his better known poems, â€Å"Rising Sun† and â€Å"Song†. These are both love poems written by john just when he starts a relationship and just when he has ended one in unpleasant circumstances. I feel that john must have been pretty fed-up with relationships as in 1601 he became a priest. This is about the time he started writing religious poems more regularly than love poems but john was also very good at writing religious poems as well. John sadly died in 1631 on the 31st of March. The first poem I will be looking at is â€Å"Rising Sun†. The poem is an â€Å"aubade†, this is a poem which was written to praise the dawn of day, and these poems were very popular in the 17th century. John wrote this poem in dedication of the love that he felt for his girlfriend in 1601. It could be connected to how the sun rises as he wakes up after the first night with his girlfriend. But as he does so he gets quite angry at the fact the sun has woken him up then he starts off by telling the sun to go right around the world and wake up everybody else and then maybe it can come back into his bedroom. By the end of this poem the reader gets the impression that john feels his love for this woman is more important than the sun. The poem is opened up very suddenly and confidently, this confidence is taken on all throughout the poem as john feels he needs to belittle or put down the big and important things, just to compare how big and important his love is for his girlfriend/ at one point in the poem john calls the sun a â€Å"busy old fool† as he points out that every morning the sun wakes people up even if they don’t want to. Throughout the poem there is a constant question being asked, this is why do lovers have to follow the same rules as everybody else? and also why do lovers have to be subjected to seasons? As he points out that their love serves no seasons or time alike. Throughout the poem you get the impression that john is angry or bitter that the sun of all things had to wake him up. This is john very cleverly separates himself and his lover from the majority of England, he does this by stating all of the people in England from apprentices to school boys, then he tells the sun to wak e them up as their lives are not as important as his and his partners. In the last paragraph I picked up on the fact that john told the sun to go and wake up the entire population of England, this is the effect of exaggeration on a very large scale. John likes to exaggerate in his poems to try and get his point across a bit better, he does this in â€Å"Rising Sun† and also â€Å"Song†. This technique is called hyperbole. While John was writing this poem he decided to base it on how the solar system works (based on what the majority of people thought at the time). This is that the earth is the centre of the universe and all starts and planets orbit it. Even though John was well educated and probably knew this information to be incorrect it worlds well with the poem as all throughout we get the impression that John feels that the earth is centre of the universe and his bedroom is at the centre of the Earth. This poem is really far-fetched and at times childish, but the reader isn’t meant to take this to heart as john has wrote this i n celebration of his love and not as a hard hitting piece of English literature. In the previous paragraph I picked up on the fact that John exaggerates in his poems and also to put down or belittle things. A perfect example of this comes at the end of the first stanza when john says that love or even why should love have to serve time like everything else or even go through seasons as love is far too special to be subject to the rule. John is trying to say that lovers are in a timeless place and that time is not important as he refers to it as a big piece of cloth which has been ripped up into piece to make hours minutes and seconds. In the second stanza John incorporated a wider view other than just England. Straight away John targets the sun to pick on, just to prove how great his love is. He does this by saying however powerful the sun is or however important he can just eclipse it by closing his eyes, but he doesn’t want too as he wouldn’t be able to look at his girlfriend. In the second part of the stanza this is when he includes the rest of the world into his poem which in the 17th century most people thought only went as far as east and West Indies. He then tells the sun to get the countries most valuable products, but even then the sun wouldn’t have anything as special as what john has got. At very start of the third stanza john targets the most influential people and probably the most powerful ones in England in the 17th century. He starts the third with the line â€Å"shes all states, and all princes, I†. This means that his partner is more important than the political powers (states) and also the royal ones (princes). To follow this up john then writes a short sentence for effect, â€Å"nothing else is†. This is a very bold statement as he is saying no question my love is better than the most powerful things in England. This sentence along with the opening line gives the third stanza a very confident and brash opening, just like the third stanza john starts with a very hard hitting line which gets the readers attention, but also gives them something to think about. I feel that john has done a good job with this poem as the first stanza was a very hard piece of writing to follow-up but he has managed to keep the reader interested. John uses the ideas of pretence and empherall in the last stanza. John then says â€Å"honours mimic and all wealth alchemy†, John means that all the honours that one man can get and all the money he can accumulate are worthless if he has not experienced love. In â€Å"Rising Sun† the sun wakes John up in the morning as he is trying to sleep, he then tells it to leave his bedroom and go to wake other people up in England. After his rant it works out that John has told the sun to wake up the entire population of England. John then says don’t just wake up the people of England, make it the entire world. After the sun has done a full circle, John invites it back into his bedroom. By doing this he suggest that he has the power to tell the sun to go away and he has this power as he is in love. Throughout the poem it is basically just one big comparison, as the sun is going round the world and visiting place with vast riches and worldly goods. John is saying that those things are nice but not as good as the feeling of love. When john ends this poem by saying â€Å"this bed thy centre is, these walls thy sphere† he is putting his bedroom at the centre of the world. If you think back to the poem it is based upon the geocentric belief of the universe, and upon this basis we get the impression that john feels his bedroom is at the centre of the universe too. As the suns job is to warm the world John says â€Å"to warm the world, that’s done in warming us†, this means that this can be achieved by not warming throughout the world but just warming our bedroom. I am now going to look at the second poem, â€Å"Song†. This is a complete contrast to â€Å"Rising Sun† as john wrote this at the end of his relationship. In the poem John uses exaggeration as; he did in the previous poem, to prove his point. Many poets used exaggeration at this time. In â€Å"Rising Sun† John’s argument is that there is nothing better than love but in â€Å"Song† John asks â€Å"can you find a woman that is both beautiful and faithful†. It is clear from looking at â€Å"Song† that John has lost his naà ¯ve views of love that he possessed in â€Å"Rising Sun†. His confidence in the power of love has been waned and now he appears more cautious and almost bitter. However, it is not John’s intention to appear bitter or angry to the reader and this is apparent in the vocabulary and tempo of the poem. In the first stanza of â€Å"Song† it is just one big list of impossible tasks. John says â€Å"go and catch a falling star† this is impossible as they are far away and far too fast. He also says â€Å"get with child and mandrake root†. A mandrake root that bears an uncanny resemblance to a human being, superstition has it that mandrake roots only grow where semen lands. He then carries on with the list saying â€Å"tell me, where all past years are† and â€Å"who cleft devils foot†. He says â€Å"teach me to hear mermaids singing†, myth has it that when pirates are at large there would be a group of mermaids sitting on a congregation of rocks in the pacific ocean singing beautiful songs which would lure the pirates towards the rocks, causing their ships to run aground. There was also a myth that if you heard mermaids singing you would go insane. This line works well with the idea of the poem as John is implying that beautiful women are only out to do one thing, which is to wreck as many men’s lives as they possible can and leave them with nothing. In the next line I feel John incorporates his own feelings into the poem, he writes â€Å"or keep off envy’s stinging†. This tells me that his partner has been unfaithful to him and he feels envious or jealous. He doesn’t want to feel these emotions but it is impossible not too if your partner has been unfaithful. John ends the firth stanza on a bitter note â€Å"and find – what wind – serves to advance an honest mind†. John is trying to say that in love you don’t get any reward for being faithful. In the second verse john uses time and scale distance just like he did in â€Å"Rising Sun†. In â€Å"Rising Sun† john tells the sun to go all around the world picking up all the riches it can find, so he can compare them to what he had got then. In this stanza of the poem John is addressing a man to ride over 27years to each end of the world and back until he gets old, expressed by john as he says white haired. And he won’t find a woman that is both beautiful and faithful. This again is a brilliant example of exaggeration on a wider scale, both of these techniques have been used in the two poems and they both incorporated using each end of the world as the furthest possible limit. But both use it to prove totally different points, one very happy, one very negative and the other very positive. John ends the poem ‘‘song’’ very well in my opinion. He says ‘‘if you can find a women who is both beautiful and faithful then tell me, because it would be a pilgrimage to get to her’’. I like the fact that john calls his search for this special kind of women a pilgrimage, as you normally associate pilgrimages as a sacred once in a life time journey in which you get all that you have ever wanted. John then put a semi-colon after this line. This is a very clever idea as it will raise the tension and excitement in the reader. He then follows this up by saying you know what don’t even bother because, by the time I’ll have got there she would have been unfaithful already. That line gives me the impression that john is fed up with love and he doesn’t even want to try to find faithful women. One of the main reasons I like the poem ‘‘song’’ is because of the last stanza, normally the poet wh o is writing a love poem after a break up starts off really upset but gets more happy and cheery as the poem goes on. But not in this one, john starts off bitter and angry and carries it on all throughout the poem. For my final paragraph I will be summarising the two poems. It might sound strange but they are both very similar and also are very different. The two poems use the hyperbole technique and also incorporate distance to prove there points. Both poems have been wrote as a declaration of what john is felling at that time, in ‘‘rising sun’’ john is overjoyed that he is in love and there is nothing better but in ‘‘song’’ it is a much more sombre mood as he has ended that relationship. I like both of the poems I like the fact that in ‘‘rising sun’’ john has the cheek to belittle the sun, but I like johns bitterness in ‘‘song’’. Not one of the two poems are amazing but I do have my favourite and it would have to be ‘‘rising sun’’ I like the fact that john has the cheek to belittle the sun arguably the most powerful thing in the world, and I also like the way he but himself above every one in England. Even though ‘‘song’’ is enjoyable I feel it is just a bit too repetitive at times and maybe a bit childish and easy too understand. Out of the two poems my favourite would have to be ‘‘rising sun’’. Research Papers on An Essay on Rising Sun and Song by John Donne - LiteratureMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West Meet

25 Beautiful Examples of Book Illustration

25 Beautiful Examples of Book Illustration 25 Beautiful Examples of Book Illustration We all remember the signature illustrations of our childhood reads: the wild scribbles of Quentin Blake, the gentle watercolors of Beatrix Potter, the simple line drawings of Shel Silverstein, and so on. Indeed, many book illustrations become indelibly linked to the stories they depict. And they’re not just limited to picture books! Many works of literature (both classic and contemporary) benefit from great illustrations as well.To help you get a sense of your preferred style - or if you just want to look through a gallery of gorgeous images - we’ve put together  25 examples of book illustration over the past few years. These drawings come from children’s books, graphic novels, memoirs, and more, with incredible diversity in both the subjects and the illustrators themselves. So whether you’re hoping to find an illustrator for your book  or simply seeking a little inspiration, you’re sure to find something you love! 25 beautiful examples of book illustration from contemporary artists  Ã°Å¸Å½ ¨ 1. A Fine Dessert, Sophie BlackallThis piece by R. Gregory Christie can be found in Carole Boston Weatherford’s Freedom in Congo Square, which details the lives of slaves in nineteenth-century Louisiana. Each week they would look forward to a few hours off, which they’d spend celebrating in Congo Square. And though this work does an admirable job of not sugarcoating history, Christie’s striking illustrations effectively convey the three-dimensional lives of slaves: they were not merely exploited workers, but people who had their own culture, goals, and dreams, all of which were symbolized by their gatherings in Congo Square.What’s your favorite book illustration of all time? Let us know in the comments! Also, for stunning examples of book  cover  designs, check out this amazing gallery.

Final exam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final exam - Term Paper Example AKTSIONERNY KOMMERCHESKI BANK BANK MOSKVY, OTKRYTOE AKTSIONERNOE OBSCHCHESTVO (a.k.a. BANK OF MOSCOW; a.k.a. JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK - BANK OF MOSCOW, OPEN JOINT STOCK COMPANY), 8/15 Korp. 3 ul. Rozhdestvenka, Moscow 107996, Russia; Bld 3 8/15, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow 107996, Russia. 1. If revenues and costs are equally sensitive to exchange rate movements, MNCs may reduce their economic exposure by restructuring their operations to shift the sources of costs or revenues to other locations so that: 1. Coca Cola’s consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Management must translate revenues, income and expenses, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies affect our net operating revenues, operating income and the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies. 1. The total currency impact on the operating income of Coca-Cola, including the effect of our hedging activities, was a decrease of approximately 4Â  percent and 5 percent in 2013 and 2012, respectively. 1. An MNC is attempting to reduce its economic exposure by financing a portion of its business with loans in the foreign currency. If the foreign currency weakens, the MNC will need ____ of the foreign currency to cover the loan payment, while the MNCs foreign currency revenues will convert to ____ dollars. 1. Coca-Cola sells concentrate to its bottling partner in Venezuela from outside the country. These sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. If the Venezuelan government devalues its currency or prevents dollars to leave the country Coca-Cola will lose value.. 1. Since Coca-Cola transacts in so many different currencies gains in some currencies are often offset

Portfolio Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio Report - Research Paper Example The average return of M&S is 2.53% which is greater than Next which only has 1.61%, this means that there is greater return on investment on M&S than Next. The correlation of returns of 53.08% indicated that there is positive relationship between the two shares. Portfolio A's variance are very low, with 0.68% to Next and 0.95% to M&S, which means that there are lesser failure in achieving greater returns from these shares. The scatter diagram and the line graph clearly depicted the close relationship between the two shares. Given that they came from the same sector, the risk and the return for investment are somewhat the same. Table 2 present the important indicators of Thomas Cook and Alliance Trust. Indicators include Average return, variance of returns, standard deviation of returns, covariance of returns and correlation returns. The average return of Thomas Cook is 50.45% which is greater than Alliance Trust which only has 22.16%, this means that there is greater return on investment on M&S than Next. The correlation of returns of -3.10%, which indicates that there is negatively low relationship between the two shares. Portfolio B's variance are very high, with 927.32 % to Thomas Cook and 160.42% to Alliance Trust, which means that there are greater risk of failure in achieving greater returns from these shares. The scatter diagram and the line graph clearly depicted tha... The correlation of returns of -3.10%, which indicates that there is negatively low relationship between the two shares. Portfolio B's variance are very high, with 927.32 % to Thomas Cook and 160.42% to Alliance Trust, which means that there are greater risk of failure in achieving greater returns from these shares. The scatter diagram and the line graph clearly depicted that there is no relationship between the two shares. Given that they came from different sector, the risk and the return for investment are not the same. III. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The concept of diversification in investing was done in this paper, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has collectively lower risk than any individual asset. This is possible, in theory, because different types of assets often change in value in opposite ways. For example, when the prices in the stock market fall, the prices in the bond market often increase, and vice versa. A collection of both types of assets can therefore have lower overall risk than either individually. The results indicated that the investor should invest in Portfolio A, since it yielded a positive correlation of return and less variance. Portfolio A has maximized the return and minimized risk, which made it the best

Week 3 Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 Reflection paper - Assignment Example The origin of multi-cellular organisms is from colonies of single-cell protists. Despite this emphasis of the autonomy of cells, Haeckel a scientist did note that their independence becomes controlled by the bonds of the community as the division of labor The cell was also seen as the essential element of pathological processes according to the illustrated theories. Diseases came to be considered (irrespective of the causative agent) as an alteration of cells in the organism. Andrew a researcher emphasized the primacy of cells for comprehending pathological and normal form and function in the human body. This would therefore draw conclusion that remedies or solutions to pathological ailments must be cell centered if success is to be achieved. In coming up with treatments for pathological ailments, the cell is primary to getting the remedy in relation to compatibility of the remedy produced ensuring that there is life and continuity is not hampered

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) Assignment

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) - Assignment Example Nordman seems to have paid delicate attention to grasping the idea about the unique possibility with nature and the immensity it is bound to substantiate the contemplative instinct of its watcher. In the mode of art detailed via the aforementioned pieces, one emerges to recognize the fluidity in the elements of smoke and the projected sight and sound of the surging beach water. Already there comes for a viewer the response to possess the moment of naturally and constantly blending into the scene. If a music were to exude out of the show, then it would be to hear a fusion of jazz and rhythm and blues with alternative melodies playing under the conceptualized mood of dynamism and stillness. A sense of elegance is fashionably rendered in the simplicity of the acts and materials used to evoke the film’s romantic objective. It is entirely up to the audience how thoughtful imaginings ought to depict any mystery in or characterize the prospective lovers. Having felt the intellectual side of the artist in directing the individual attitude of the man and the woman, such creation may be claimed to have attained a distinct level of mature sensibility which is capable of sending the viewers adrift from their typical perspective of romance or affectionate yearning. Enhancing her creative design as Nordman puts it: â€Å"The Pacific ocean and the sun are also actors in the scene.† As a whole, Maria Nordman does live up to her identity with permanent transience in this exhibit that the manner it takes the interpreter appears more of by acquiring familiarity with a passion for something yet unknown. Her style commences a postmodernist approach with filming that has quite the potential of adjusting sentimental or psychological reactions. Being one that is perceived with optimum use of space, the Filmroom presentation might strike the heart with smoky impression of varying meanings yet even further to that, it is certain to find the inevitable poetic reflections dissolve in

Future for fisheries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Future for fisheries - Essay Example Fishes are one of them. According to WWF, ‘two thirds of the worlds fish stocks are either fished at their limit or over fished’ (WWF, 2002). However, there are also other reasons for the depletion of fisheries that the writer has failed to mention or elaborate upon. One of the most glaring one is the contamination of water by industrial waste. Also not much attention is being given to these fisheries and many are being depleted as a result of neglect. The depletion or alteration of fresh water is further exacerbating the problem. Despite this, the short essay was a pleasant read and opens up the reader’s mind to the importance of the course. I agree that fisheries management is a very insightful course. Fishery management is a neglected topic and making such a course allows us as consumers to understand how we are contributing to the problem. I also agree that fish data analysis and other practical applications of the course would have been quite helpful in increasing our knowledge and interest in the subject. Overall, the writer has introduced many concepts in the short essay. His positive attitude towards the course was very pleasing to

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) Assignment

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) - Assignment Example Nordman seems to have paid delicate attention to grasping the idea about the unique possibility with nature and the immensity it is bound to substantiate the contemplative instinct of its watcher. In the mode of art detailed via the aforementioned pieces, one emerges to recognize the fluidity in the elements of smoke and the projected sight and sound of the surging beach water. Already there comes for a viewer the response to possess the moment of naturally and constantly blending into the scene. If a music were to exude out of the show, then it would be to hear a fusion of jazz and rhythm and blues with alternative melodies playing under the conceptualized mood of dynamism and stillness. A sense of elegance is fashionably rendered in the simplicity of the acts and materials used to evoke the film’s romantic objective. It is entirely up to the audience how thoughtful imaginings ought to depict any mystery in or characterize the prospective lovers. Having felt the intellectual side of the artist in directing the individual attitude of the man and the woman, such creation may be claimed to have attained a distinct level of mature sensibility which is capable of sending the viewers adrift from their typical perspective of romance or affectionate yearning. Enhancing her creative design as Nordman puts it: â€Å"The Pacific ocean and the sun are also actors in the scene.† As a whole, Maria Nordman does live up to her identity with permanent transience in this exhibit that the manner it takes the interpreter appears more of by acquiring familiarity with a passion for something yet unknown. Her style commences a postmodernist approach with filming that has quite the potential of adjusting sentimental or psychological reactions. Being one that is perceived with optimum use of space, the Filmroom presentation might strike the heart with smoky impression of varying meanings yet even further to that, it is certain to find the inevitable poetic reflections dissolve in

Is the EUs decision-making process best characterized as federal or Essay

Is the EUs decision-making process best characterized as federal or intergovernmental - Essay Example The member states make up such organizations, which are the sovereign states. United Nations, European Union, Council of Europe, World Trade Organization, the Council of Europe and many more are examples of intergovernmental organizations. However, the European Union is a prime example of supranational organization where the governments of the member states delegate the negotiated power to the member states. It is often referred to as a federation. This paper will closely observe the works of the European Union, and whether it is best characterized as federal or intergovernmental. The founding members of the European Union held the same ideals of a peaceful, united and prosperous Europe. They belonged to diverse backgrounds. In the Second World War, bloody wars culminated between neighbors. The purpose behind the establishment of the European was primarily to end these wars. In order to secure the lasting peace, European Coal and Steel Community began to unite the European countries economically and politically. There are six main founders, including France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxemburg and Netherlands. There was a cold war between the East and the West in 1950’s. In 1956, the Soviet tanks had put down the protests in Hungary against the Communist regimes. In the following year, Soviet Union had launched their first man made space satellite, Sputnik 1. This is when they took the lead in the space race. The European Economic Community or ‘Common Market’ was created due to the Treaty of Rome.... With the establishment of the common market, goods and services were to move freely within the six nations in Europe (Europea n.d. n.p) In 1962, the newly formed European Union began the common agricultural policy, which gave the nations within the union joint control over all the food produced within these nations (Matthew J 2011 n.p). In 1968, the six nations decide to remove custom duties on goods, which were imported from one another and allowed free cross border trade. Trade between the nations rapidly increased due to this. In 1973, three more nations joined the union making it a total of nine. The three newly joined nations were United Kingdom, Denmark, and Ireland. In 1974, the leaders in European Union established a European Regional Development Fund. The purpose for the funds were to transfer money from the richer region to the poorer regions help improve roads and communications, later on down the road this funding takes up one third of the unions spending. Citizens of the union were involved in the election of the union in 1979, when they were given the right to elect the members of the Parliament of the union. Previously, the members of the parliaments were delegated by the national parliaments. In 1981, Greece joined the union and the tally of nation within the union hit double figures. Spain and Portugal joined the union in 1986. The union launched the Erasmus programme in 1987 to fund for students who were interested in studying for up to 1 year in another European country. This scheme ended up benefiting more than 2 million young students (European Union Background 9 Jan 2012.n.p) The Treaty on European Union was signed in 1992, this set a rule for a future

Khaled Hosseini Essay Example for Free

Khaled Hosseini Essay At parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him like sunflowers turning to the sunTranslating a book into a movie can be a very elusive task for many reasons. This is due to the fact that a book has many key points in it and compressing them all into a certain time frame can be very challenging. Mark Forster’s adaptation of Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is a weak portrayal of what the author had originally wrote. The movie consisted of some bad casting choices. It also consisted of some significant and harmful cuts to the novel. Although the director’s intention to recreate a very well written story into a movie was a great idea, the author could have given more attention to some critical and important aspects of the novel. The directors casting choices changed some of the important traits, which took away the true understanding of the characters. In the book, Khaled Hosseini states that Hassan is a descendant of Mongol heritage, which was an indicator of his status in society. As a Hazara young Hassan’s actor in the movie, blended in with the rest of the actors, as he did look like a Mongol. Another obvious flaw in Hassan’s character in the movie was the fact that he did not have a harelip, which represented the fact that he was a Hazara and had no money for it to be replaced. Baba is also another great example of how the director made some bad casting choices for the movie. In the book Baba’s character was described as a strong, intelligent and intimidating man â€Å"At parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him like sunflowers turning to the sun†. While in the movie

What Are you Really Learning at School?

What Are you Really Learning at School? What Are You Really Learning at School? You sit in math class while the teacher drone on about basic math such as how to add, subtract, divide, and multiply. You think to yourself, Why I am still learning this, I learned this like in elementary school? Youre afraid raised your hand knowing what the other kids will say, Whyd you have run your mouth, we could of being doing the easy stuff instead of this hard math. I actually could have passed math for once in my life since elementary school. You as this unpopular person sure doesnt want to get more unpopular than you were before. Instead, you sit back listen to sounds of kids rustling their notebook paper or homework to form spitballs to shoot at peoples heads or the endless beeps of text messages being sent to each other or the mini screams of girls after they receive a request for prom date. Parents wonder why their childrens report card is so amiss and unacceptable when they receive them but parents really dont know what teachers are teaching their children in school and something needs to be done about it and change for once and for all. Many reasons lead up to what are we really learning in school such as unacceptable scores on MSA and HSA, not enough skills to succeed, and not being able to use their own imagination. When parents receive the childs MSA or HSA report, the results are shocking. Children come to their parents with scores of low average and average but on their regular school tests, they would get above 90% never below 80%. Scores taken from elementary schools since the MSA have plummet, The Baltimore Sun states, The percentage of third-graders at the school who passed the state reading test plummeted from 100 last year to 50 this year. The percentage of fourth-graders reading at proficient or advanced levels dropped nearly 43 points, from 100 percent to 57 percent. Fourth-grade pass rates in math fell from 100 percent to 68 percent, and fifth-graders pass rates in reading dropped from 100 percent to 80 percent at Abbottston Elementary. From Abbottston Elementary School in Baltimore City, MD to Baltimore Liberation Diploma Plus High School, MSA and HSA test scores have dropped leaving other schools ahead of them and putting them behind in the dust. In this particular elementary schoo l, scores were higher last year than this year, their schools scores overall decline more than 50% . Which means what are those teachers teaching that made those children do worse than before. Or maybe teachers had the books altered last year to cheat for the students because they knew their students werent prepared. Now, this year maybe they decided forgot the cheating part because they knew they would eventually get caught and probably prayed that their students would be able to pass with the same high standards. But they didnt happen so, the school is now under speculation. First of all, The Baltimore Sun also states, Baltimore City schools results on this years Maryland School Assessment tests are a terrible disappointment. Although the overall declines in reading (3.3 percentage points) and math (4.9 percentage points) are not catastrophic, the results from individual schools paint a more troubling picture. Of the 50 schools that showed the largest combined drops on math and re ading scores since 2010, 45 were in Baltimore, including 19 of the bottom 20 and all of the bottom 10.† Reading averages and math averages are decreasing steadily unlikely in smarter schools but what are the teachers teaching that’s making test scores drop. Parents, have you checked your child’s regular school tests coming home, aren’t they passing with high B’s and A’s but now, you receive your child’s MSA scores. They unacceptably low actually below average especially in reading and math. You think what are these so called teachers teaching my child. If they are pass in regular grades, why couldn’t they pass this MSA? Are the teachers making test easier for their job or what? Maybe they just do it for the money or is the principal checking up on their students and teachers’ progress making sure no one is slacking? Do you seem to find that your child or now full-grown teenager doesnt have the right skills to help them succeed in life to able them to get a high-paying job? Do they find themselves working a local store as bagger not as a manager? Well, not having the right skills to succeed in life being taught in school is a problem too. teachers don’t understand what a child goes through or doesnt understand. In an article called, Cultural Diversity and Academic Achievement†, The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NEAP) reported that, â€Å"Students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and many children of color consistently achieve below the national average in mathematics and language skills, with the gap widening as children continue through their school years.† Teachers aren’t focusing on that one child that needs help, they’re too worried about how they class is going to react to something. Studies show that, â€Å"1 out of 10 children are afraid to raise their hand, ask questions, and seek help because they’re afraid of what they’re classmates will say.† It’s not always the child’s fault either because if a teacher sees a child failing, they need to help by being more encouraging. This one of skills that needs to be successful in life, other skills are leadership, honesty, imaginative, and trust. Secondly, a psychologist, Jean Piaget did research about child development said, â€Å"Over the past half-century, child development research has provided an increasingly comprehensive knowledge base to explain how young children acquire skills and knowledge and define the environmental supports needed to stimulate and sustain development.† Schools have ignored or rejected different cultural expressions of development that are normal and adequate and on which school skills and knowledge can be built. Consequently, children from poor families have been judged to be inadequate because they do not already know nor do they easily learn the school curriculum. . The world needs more and more compassionate creativity to solve difficult problems confronting us. Creative students do not have answers, but they habitually question the status quo and think about alternatives and improvements. They discover and invent possible answers. A Doctor of Education, Marvin Bartel Ed.D.speaks out and says, â€Å"As teachers, we are often partly to blame for the diminished inclination to be creative as children become socialized and aware of their own limitations.† In creative teaching, assignment limitations can provide a way to change the students habits of work. However, the student needs to be given autonomy to make choices about what seems important. Otherwise, the motivation to be creative is lost. Third and most final, Marvin Bartel Ed.D. also says, â€Å"Teachers abandon their imaginative and creative curiosity about life in favor of a more secure, but imposed and programmed kind of thinking habits.† The accept answers from the Interne t as correct (without enough thought). When this happens we miss many good ideas as well as risk injustice by manipulation. You sit in math class while the teacher drone on about basic math such as how to add, subtract, divide, and multiply. You think to yourself, Why I am still learning this, I learned this like in elementary school? Youre afraid raised your hand knowing what the other kids will say, Whyd you have run your mouth, we could of being doing the easy stuff instead of this hard math. I actually could have passed math for once in my life since elementary school. Some child development experts are concerned that schools today are unacceptable scores on MSA and HSA, aren’t teaching kids the skills they need to succeed, not being able to use their own imagination.A culture of testing, they say, is inhibiting the development of â€Å"life skills.† Curricular content aside, what do you think you are really learning at school? Are you developing skills that will carry you through life.

Consequentialism, Deontology, and Inevitable Trade-offs :: Philosophy Essays

Consequentialism, Deontology, and Inevitable Trade-offs ABSTRACT: Recently, unrestrained consequentialism has been defended against the charge that it leads to unacceptable trade-offs by showing a trade-off accepted by many of us is not justified by any of the usual nonconsequenlist arguments. The particular trade-off involves raising the speed limit on the Interstate Highway System. As a society, we seemingly accept a trade-off of lives for convenience. This defense of consequentialism may be a tu quoque, but it does challenge nonconsequentialists to adequately justify a multitude of social decisions. Work by the deontologist Frances Kamm, conjoined with a perspective deployed by several economists on the relation between social costs and lives lost, is relevant. It provides a starting point by justifying decisions which involve trading lives only for other lives. But the perspective also recognizes that using resources in excess of some figure (perhaps as low as $7.5 million) to save a life causes us to forego other live-saving activiti es, thus causing a net loss of life. Setting a speed limit as low as 35 miles per hour might indeed save some lives, but the loss of productivity due to the increased time spent in travel would cost an even greater number of lives. Therefore, many trade-offs do not simply involve trading lives for some lesser value (e.g., convenience), but are justified as allowing some to die in order to save a greater number. It has long been one of the standard criticisms of consequentialist approaches to ethics that they too easily justify "trade-offs" that are morally unacceptable. The criticism which holds "the end justifies the means" philosophy inherent in consequentialism to be a source of great immorality is expressed, for example, in the famous scene from Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. Remember how Alyosha reacts to the prospect offered by Ivan of a harmonious world order, a system that would bring about peace and rest and happiness for all men. A lovely idea, but the structure comes at the price of torturing one tiny child to death. And Alyosha will not consent to that "exchange." A consequentialist response to Alyosha's refusal to consent to trade the suffering and death of one innocent in exchange for universal harmony is that, in the present inharmonious order, many innocent children will die horribly, not just one. Alyosha's tender conscience will cost thousands of innocent children their lives. And so the debate continues. Recently, however, a proponent of consequentialism, Alastair Norcross, has sharpened the debate.

Role of Marketing Staff

The Role of the Marketing Staff DONALD R. LONGMAN Business management [S increasingly dependent upon marketing to gain enduring competitive advantage. This article describes the rich opportunities for success presented by a change rn the approach to marketing stafF work and acquisition of professional personnel for it. GREAT DEAL has been written in recent years about the marketing concept. We may expect to see much more; for competition in American industry is increasingly centered in marketing-. This is a substantial change from the situation only a few decades ago. Success then hung on creative skill in evolving substantially new types of products, new production processes, new efficiency systems. Each step forward in these areas produced relatively strong and enduring competitive advantages. This is much less true today. Mass training of skilled research and development men and of production engineers, increased mobility of manpower, and mass communication at the professional level have all served to spread technological know-how with amazing speed. Competitors employ research men and engineers of parallel training, professional contact, and skill. If one company's team seems relatively inept in the competitive battle, it is still possible to call upon a superior group of consulting engineers for help while a new team is being built. Under these conditions, competitors quickly identify and match successful innovations made by any company in their field. They may even improve on the original innovator's ideas. It would be vain to suppose that even such corporate giants as Esso, U. S. Steel, or^ General Motors could gain and hold for long a major competitive advantage in product or manufacturing process. Indeed, it has become common practice to grant licenses to competitors on a royalty basis, thus removing technical innovations as a basis of competitive advantage in the market. Competitive Opportunities It^ is this comparative equality in production skills that is forcing a shift in the weight of competition to marketing. Marketing is still a relatively unexplored area. Our customers are so many, so scattered, and so nonhomogeneous in nature and in demands that they are difficult to understand. We are not even sure how we can best serve them economically and efficiently. Changes are still commonplace among big, well-established companies in such basic elements as channels of distribution, discount systems, warehousing arrangements, and service policies. Such changes grow as much out of uncertainty and insecurity m marketing decision as out of changes in the market itself or m marketing institutions. Marketing offers a rich area of opportunity for competitive advantage, richer today than that offered by any other phase of business. But if a company is to seize this opportunity, a lot has to be done. 29 30 Journal of Marketing, July, 1962 Requirements for Efficient Marketing 1. A Sound Understanding of the Market First, it is essential to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the market itself. This is a matter of getting the facts, completely and accurately. One has to know the exact size of the market and its geographical distribution. One must know who make up the market, the numbers and kinds of people. Where do they buy, in what quantities, how often, why? What products are available for them to choose among? What are their characteristics, their prices, tbeir patterns of distribution? What are the products used for, what satisfactions do they provide? Why is one brand chosen over nother; and why do people change in their choices? There is so much that needs to be known, and known well. How else can we think constructively of the marketing process until we have a solid grasp of the facts, a sure sense of perspective? The truth is that little effort to think constructively about marketing was made during the decades when competitive success was estab lished by production efforts. Systematic collection and analysis of marketing facts have been undertaken, even by the largest and most progressive companies, only during the last fifteen or twenty years. Indeed, the evolution of marketing, research may serve as n index of the shift in competitive pressure toward marketing. We possess today the tools and techniques for acquiring quickly and efficiently almost all the basic data necessary to provide executives with a sound perspective in marketing. Yet marketing research is still inadequately utilized; there is ample room even now for a company to gain major marketing advantages over competitors simply by superior knowledge of the facts of the business. The 10,000 professional marketing research men today are probably not a third of the number we may expect when marketing has been developed to a peak of fficiency comparable to production. 2. Innovation The second requisite to superior marketing lies in innovation. There is no progress in acceptance of routine, in copying competitive practices, in turgid operation. Indeed, in the fiuid environment of marketing, with changes in policies, practices, and procedures borne no more of creative thought than of uncertainty, the well thought out, tested innovations may prove extremely rewarding. We must be prepared to consider alterations, often radical changes, in methods and policies. We must become creative, cultivating a flexibility of mind that seeks and considers ew approaches. We must be prepared to reexamine the basic premises upon which our policies rest. We must begin to ask the fundamental questions and to fix them in our mind, looking, looking always for new answers. There exists a unit expected to devise and explore new ideas in the production area. It is supposed to suggest innovations, to challenge current practices. It is staffed with men of imagination, men of specialized education, men whose minds are constantly stirred and challenged by contacts with ba sic research scientists in our universities, foundations, and government units. They are in continuous ontact with other professionals throughout the country, often in other countries, and are constantly stimulated by the ideas and exploratory efforts they encounter in a wide variety of industries. They are Research and Development men. There is no comparable unit in marketing, even in companies whose marketing costs far exceed manufacturing costs. The nearest marketing pai'- allel'is to be found in advertising agencies. These owe their independent existence to the very fact that creative imagination and innovation are obviously essential to advertising; and even the largest advertisers do not provide in their marketing rganizations a climate conductive to high quality creative work. But the advertising agency is concerned fundamentally with only one of many marketing activities. It is not well equipped to serve as the creative arm for the entire marketing function. It is not paid e nough to do the job; nor is the company advertising manager who works with the agency so positioned in his own company that he could spark the creative effort for the entire Marketing Department. This means that a new and different unit is needed to function within the company itself. It must be staffed with men of creative minds, trained n seeing and exploring possibilities not clear to others. They need to be observers of marketing in all of industry, stirred and challenged by professional association with creative men in universities, consulting firms, everywhere that pioneering thought g-oes on. They must imagine, synthesize ideas, experiment systematically. They may be engineers exploring the application of operations research to warehousing. They may be psychologists studying the foundations of sales- †¢ ABOUT THE AUTHOR. Donald Longman is Vice President and Director of Research for the J. Walter Thompson Company, New York. He is President f the American Marlteting Associ ation and Chairman of the International Marketing Federation. In earlier years Dr. Longman was a university professor and a government executive. He has held senior positions in business in both line and staff capacities. He is the author of a number of books and articles. The Role of the Marketing Staff 31 men's or dealers' morale and motivation. They may be marketing researchers probing ways to break old consumer buying habits and build new ones. They may be systematically testing consumer responses to a range of product styles, flavors, or scents. They must be the Marketing R and D. . Scientific Approach to Decision Making The third major requisite to superior marketing lies in hard-headed, scientific decision making. This requires a solid grasp of the facts of a business through research and through experience. More important, it requires imagination, perceptiveness, thoroughness, objectivity, analytical skill, and emotional stability. Few people acquire all these traits in the normal course of their lives; our marketing executives today introduce large portions of emotion, hunch, habit, and haste in their judgments. But needed qualities can be developed as a matter of explicit training. In increasing measure they are being developed in the best of our Schools of Business. Decision making is extraordinarily complex in the marketing field. When decision is required between alternative policies or procedures, it is necessary first to grasp fully and completely the exact nature of the alternatives and all their implications. It may seem simple, for example, to select a brand name for a new product; but this is only true for one who does not know both the values and dangers in a name. A name can convey a sense of quality, lend itself to easy recall, facilitate effective advertising, express values to be received in use; n sum, it can secure a privileged competitive position to its owner. Or it can be easily ridiculed or played upon, fail of copyright, be subject to confusion with other names, and so on. In truth, there are scores of facts to consider in selecting names, a wide variety of criteria to employ in judgment. There is a lot at stake. If this is true of names, i magine how much more true this is of issues concerning pricing, packaging, discount systems, employment and motivation of salesmen, advertising themes, and so on and on. Each issue must be studied objectively, its implications uncovered. All the facts relevant to ecision must be marshalled. The possible effects of alternative courses must be weighed. Experimentation or testing may be considered. This is the slow, arduous, but hard-headed and scientific approach to decision making. This is the way to confident action, desirable any time but mandatory when significantly new, creative innovations are put into effect. Those of us privileged to have close contact with marketing management over the past twenty years have seen a slow but steady progress toward this kind of decision making. Arbitrary, hasty, â€Å"seatof- the-pants† decisions based on hunch, enthusiasm, nd personal preferment for the individual advocates of one course are becoming less common. Yet there remains much room for improvement in decision making today. 4. Efficient Administration The fourth requisite to marketing success lies in efficient administration—the daily execution of policy and practice, the employment of facilities and men, the operating job. This is the field of marketing performance, so obviously necessary that it could not be overlooked. Here the need is for inspiring leadership of men, operating drive, astute supervision of performance in every detail, the building and aintenance of a morale that instills a motivation in the doers of the marketing job. Broadly speaking, marketing can claim credit for superior performance in this area; it has been given thought and attention at a senior business management level. By the same token, it is the marketing requisite least rich in opportunities for improvement and, therefore, least likely to yield a competitive advantage in marketing. The very obviousness of the need for sound administration has tended to obscure the nee d for the other three basic requisites in marketing—a full understanding of the market itself; the development f creative, new ideas or innovations; the making of decisions on a hard-headed, scientific basis. Administration is a big job, involving, the employment and supervision of hundreds, even thousands, of people, as well as the purchase, maintenance, and operation of equipment and facilities of countless kinds. And the huge expenditures for marketing lie under the administrator's control. Small wonder, then, that marketing administration was equated with all of marketing, until increasing competitive equality in other areas forced people to study more seriously the nature of the marketing function. Sound administration is a fundamental component of marketing, but is far from all of it. It is the operation of a gigantic â€Å"machine. † This marketing machine works on the materials provided it, and under the policies and procedures set for it. The machine operator, skilled as he may be in his function, is rarely qualified alone to conceive, test, and decide upon new ideas, on new policies and procedures. He is not an innovator. He is not a researcher. He is not a trained and objective decision maker. These are different problems, requiring skills and training different from his, perhaps even a different temperament. A New Organization of the Marketing Function The slowly growing recognition that marketing management requires much more than administra32 Journal of Marketing, July, 1962 tive skill has led our largest and most progressive companies to bring a new kind of man to the Marketing Vice Presidency. He tends to be more thoughtful, sometimes skilled more in handling ideas than in handling men. He is more objective, analytical, less emotionally involved in his assignment. He has begun demanding research—searching for ideas, thinking of both â€Å"strategy and tactics. † The basic administrative management of arketing, the line operating responsibility, is being delegated to a subordinate General Sales Manager or Director of Field Sales Activities. Concurrently, staff departments in marketing have grown in number and influence. New units have appeared. We now have Product Managers, Marketing Operations Managers, Research Managers, along with the older Advertising and Credit Mana gers. Even Marketing Accounting and Marketing Personnel Managers may serve as members of the Marketing Stafif. Functions and Operation of the Marketing Staff The functions of these several staff groups have not been clearly crystallized as yet. Broadly speaking. , most of them are supposed to study all phases of the company's marketing operations in the area of their specialization; keep the Marketing Vice President closely posted on trends and developments in their areas; check performance efficiency; and recommend policy or procedure changes when they seem needed. Thus, the Product Manager for a particular product keeps closely informed on all competitive conditions affecting his product, observes regional and district sales performance on the product, notes obstacles to sales success, and proposes means of overcoming them. The Operations Manager concerns imself with the supply, maintenance, and efficient performance of all physical facilities, stores, warehouses, delivery systems, etc. As a superior specialist in this area, he advises the Marketing Vice President on ways to improve efficiency and service, and to cut operating costs. The same kind of work is done by the Credit Manager, the Marketing Accounting and Personn el Managers, and the Advertising and Sales Promotion Manager. Collectively, the staff managers cover all the difiierent functions in marketing. When these Departments were set up, it was natural, of course, to staff them with young men ho had proved themselves successful in the company's marketing activities. So, they were drawn from the ranks of the administrators. Generally this is still true, for this is the logical source of men and these jobs are still not clearly enough defined to suggest the need to look elsewhere. But this will change, indeed is in the process of change. It is not enough for the Product Manager or Operations Manager to serve as an observer of operations, to be an administrative second-guesser in a particular area of specialty. This would be a most routine approach to a job, unworthy of senior personnel. Rather, the staff Manager and his assistants must use their advantageous positions to acquire all relevant information affecting their functions. They must assimilate, analyze, and evaluate these data constructively. They must add to this, the stimulus of wide-ranging contact and observation of their industry and of many others. They must cultivate a flexibility of mind inviting new ideas. They must become creative—considering all manner of policies, procedures, activities which can add to marketing opportunities or improve service and increase efficiency. They must develop and explore their creative deas, testing mentally or in the market place those which seem most promising. In handling such tasks, they develop habits of thoroughness and objectivity, making scores of decisions on the basis of a scientific approach. They are truly staff experts— observing, creating, testing, recommending ways of doing their part of the marketing job better than it has been done before . This is the basic job of the Product Manager. Concentrating all energies on the one product or product line for which he bears responsibility, it is his job to conceive new and better ways to market it. His work may lead to recommended product odifications, package changes, price or distribution revisions. He may study advertising, promotion, guarantees, and service, and come up with new recommendations. He is the innovator, the preliminary decision maker, working from intimate knowledge of all relevant facts. The same is true of the Marketing Operations Manager. He is studying the nature and design of his retail outlets, the number and location of warehouses, the packing and order-filling system, the volume and distribution of inventories. He has scores of subjects to study, each offering opportunities for significant improvement. If he can nly conceive a better type of retailing equipment for his stores, a better system of truck scheduling, a finer system of production-distribut ion coordination, he can strengthen his company's competitive position and add to its profits, just as can the Research and Development Manager or the Production Manager. What is true of Product and Operations Managers is just as true of the Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations Managers. It is just as true of the Marketing Personnel Manager. By use of cost analysis, the Marketing Accounting Manager can make significant contributions to policy on reas of operation, channels of distribution, a quantity discount system, and a hundred other things. We need an explicit, articulated understanding that this is the job of the Staff Manager. We need The Role of the Marketing Staff 33 to recognize formally, and afiirmatively that innovation and scientific decision making is the particular province of these men . . . that collectively they represent a kind of R and D for Marketing. The Staff as Professionals When this is done, we will have a very different set of specifications f or men to fill these jobs. They must possess keenly analytical but highly fiexible minds. They must be imaginative, creative. They must be objective, thorough, trained in the scientific approach to problems. They must know the rudiments of collection, assimilation, and evaluation of data. They must be well informed, with wide contacts in industry and education. In a word, they must be professionals. Broadly speaking, this is the kind of background and training we find most often today in marketingresearch men and consultants. This implies that in time most senior staff positions in marketing will be research positions. After all, research, viewed broadly, is nothing more than the systematic, horough, objective examination of a problem; the orderly acquisition of all relevant data bearing upon it; and the meaningful, creative evaluation of the data in terms of conclusions and recommendations. This is, indeed, what is expected of Marketing Staff Managers. With further passage of time, however, the specific functions of marketing research will be narrowed. Today anyone engag ed in simple fact gathering may be called a research man. Ten years from now, however, the term prohably will be reserved largely for those who by long, and specialized training have mastered the more complex and intricate echniques of research. They will be the specialists in sampling, in operations research, in projective techniques. The Marketing Research Department will not be large, and it will carry out its work on a service basis for all the Marketing Staff Managers. The changes ahead are already very much in the process of being made. Product Managers, Advertising Managers, staff men of every kind are addressing themselves ever more seriously to their Jobs, going farther and farther beyond routine, specialized, administrative observation and suggestion. They are getting into their jobs more deeply han ever, and so they feel impelled to creative and decision making roles. And more and more such jobs are going to research men and to men whose training and temperament commend t hem for a research approach to business. The trend will quicken as there is more widespread specific recognition and articulation of the ultimate character of staff work. MARKETING MEMO We Are Already Living in the Future . . . ^ Are you enjoying your life in 1985? Through no time machine, via no crystal ball, we are, today, living lives accurately predicted by early science forecasters and science fictioneers—but predicted for about 1985. Our age is a good quarter of a century ahead of its time, thanks to developments that would have waited many more years—except for urgent military necessity. Many of us resent defense spending. We begrudge its existence as a necessary waste that helps insure freedom, but yields no tangible return. How wrong we are! Our defense research dollars, aimed at strengthening our military muscle, are pushing civilians toward richer, healthier, safer, more convenient living. It was military money that led to the development of the safety door lock and the low-profile anti-skid tires now on many new automobiles. Military necessity mothered rainwear that remains indefinitely repellent to water, oil. and grease despite repeated laundering and dry cleaning. ^John G. Hubbell, â€Å"Life in 11)85 Today,† reprinted by permission of Quest . . . for tomorrow Magazine, Vol. 2 (Summer, 1961), p. 14. 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Cash Flows Essay

â€Å"The statement of cash flows reports the cash receipts, cash payments, and net change in cash resulting from operating, investing, and financing activities during a period† (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010, p. 614). Companies are required to prepare a statement of cash flow because it contains important information about the company that deems useful for external sources, such as investors, to make educated decisions about a company. The information contained in the cash flow, such as the company’s ability to generate cash and meet obligations, assists creditors and investors to determine the adequate decision regarding extending credit or investing. The statement of cash flows is divided into three sections: Operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Each of these sections have reflect their own characteristics of transactions and other events. First, operating activities include transactions that create revenues and expenses; these are included in the determination of net income (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Second, investing activities has two purposes: includes the acquisition and disposing of investments and property, plant, and equipment, and lending money and collecting the loans (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Third, financing activities include two purposes: obtaining cash from issuing debt and repaying the amounts borrowed, and obtaining cash from stockholders, repurchasing shares, and paying dividends (Weygandt, et al, 2010, p. 615). Operating activities, which include income statement items are: Cash inflows – from sale of goods and services, and from interest received from dividends received; Cash outflows – to suppliers for inventory, employees for services, and others for expenses (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010, p. 616). Investing activities – investments and long-term assets: Cash inflows – from sale of property, plant, and equipment, and collections on loans to other entities; Cash outflows – to purchase property, plant, and equipment, purchas e investments in debt, and making loans to other entities (Weygandt,  Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010, p. 616). Financing activities involves long-term liabilities and stockholders’ equity: Cash inflows – from sale of common stock, and from issuance of long-term debt; Cash outflows – to stockholders as dividends, and to redeem long-term debt or reacquire capital stock (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010, p. 616). References Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2010). Financial accounting (7th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Essay on Slavery Throughout Time Essay

One might describe money as being stored up labor; therefore to make money you must simply labor. This is how industries all around the world have made money, by paying workers to labor. However if you could have your workers labor for no pay then you yourself would essentially be making free money. The appeal of this free money is why slavery has been a predominant trend throughout history. It doesn’t matter what the labor is but, there are three main types of slavery that have been present in the world and those are labor slaves, war slaves, and trafficking slaves. I predict that slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The greatest account of slavery for simply labor and free money without the presence of war is the African slave trade that existed in the early Americas. Europeans would sail to Africa and bring over boat loads of African people to the Caribbean and the colonies in North America, where they were forced to labor. They would be bought by people and then would usually end up Rydalch 2 working on a plantation. The plantations would have them do a variety of tasks. The slaves would be beaten and lived in horrible conditions, some would try and escape and others would not because of the fear they had of being caught. This type of slavery of enslaving innocent people and forcing them to labor rarely exists in today’s world. In most first world countries there are laws that prevent this from happening but there may be rare occasions in other parts of the world in which this happens. The reason that slavery such as this is so appealing is mainly because of the wealth that it can bring you. It can put you in a more prestigious class without actually having the intuition to get there. I also think that some of the slave masters enjoyed there power and took pride in the fact that there were people who feared them. I think that this version of slavery will continue to diminish in the future. Warfare as been a factor of human civilization since human civilizations began and it will continue to be a factor. War can result from a number of things and it can lead to a number of things. The winner of the war however can take their land and their people. When they take the people these people could possibly become slaves of war. Many ancient civilizations captured people to be used as slaves when they were at war, such as the Egyptians. The slaves were held in a variety of conditions depending on who enslaved them. As long as there is still war in the world then there will still be slaves of war, whether they are forced to labor, used as prostitutes or are just held hostage. In the future I believe that slaves of war will not be forced to do labor but will more likely be held as hostages or forced into prostitution. Rydalch 3 The more modern issue involving slavery is not that of labor slaves or slaves of war but it is slaves of human trafficking. Human trafficking is when people are held against their will and are usually forced to do sexual acts with those who pay to do so. The reason why human trafficking can be a successful business is because humans have a natural sex drive. Human trafficking taps into this natural longing and gives people a way to pay their way to satisfaction. The people who run the trafficking don’t have to pay the women who perform the acts. That is what separates human trafficking from prostitution. This is the most predominant type of slavery in the world today because of laws that have restricted other types of slavery. People all around the world abduct girls anywhere from teenagers to adults; they then sometimes addict them to drugs or other cruel things. Most often they are forced to do sexual acts with customers. The world is taking notice to this and some things are being done to try and stop it. Google recently made huge contributions and donations to try and prevent this from happening. I however think that human trafficking will continue on into the future. Although it may not grow it will always be there because humans will always have a natural sex drive, and people will always be looking for means of satisfaction. With the African slave trade that I mentioned earlier in my paper, they were taking innocent people and putting them to work. In today’s world we would find that to be extremely unjust, unlawful, and immoral. However back when the Europeans were doing it they did not think that what they were doing was bad. They thought of themselves as being superior to the rest of the world. They thought that since the African people were of dark skin and frankly not Rydalch 4 European that they were below them and therefore taking them as their slaves was no problem whatsoever. This reason for enslaving other people rarely, if ever, exist in today’s modern world. This is because all humans have accepted that we are all the same species and that we all of certain rights. I do not see this form of slavery rising to power again in the future unless one civilization takes over the whole world, which is extremely unlikely as you may know. Over the course of following my trend of slavery I discovered many things about the different forms of slavery and the motives behind each of them. By understanding these I was able to make my predictions about whether or not I thought they would continue in the future. Many of them are nearly non existent today which provides for easy predicting of its future, while others I was not sure on. I discovered that the ultimate reason for slavery along with many other things in the world is money. Slavery provides for a way to get free money and it is not that hard to do, especially before modern laws were put in place. Today all forms of slavery are frowned upon greatly and are deemed by most morally wrong and lawfully wrong. This is why there are things being done to stop it, but no matter how many laws you pass there will still be people who try to do it. Slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The worlds view on slavery might change but for the near future I see it Rydalch 5 staying the same. The modern view on slavery is clearly for the majority that it is a bad thing. However in the future it could be that slavery is accepted, but only time will tell.